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{{틀:성경인물
{{성경인물
|그림=[[file:Abraham en portrait.jpg|thumb|center|280px|Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (1591–1666), Excerpt from The Book of Abraham Driving Hagar and Ishmael]]
|image=[[file:Abraham en portrait.jpg|thumb|center|280px|Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (1591–1666), Excerpt from The Book of Abraham Driving Hagar and Ishmael]]
|title=Abraham
|title=Abraham
|시대=Era of Patriarchs (BC 21st- BC 20th Century)
|Period=Era of Patriarchs (BC 21st- BC 20th Century)
|출생-사망=
|출생-사망=
|가족 관계='''Father''': Terah
|Family='''Father''': Terah
'''Wife''': Sarah, Keturah,
'''Wife''': Sarah, Keturah,
'''Maidservant''': Hagar
'''Maidservant''': Hagar
'''Children''': Ishmael, Isaac, Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shua
'''Children''': Ishmael, Isaac, Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shua
'''Nephew''': Lot
'''Nephew''': Lot
|출생지=Ur of the Chaldeans
|Birthplace=Ur of the Chaldeans
|매장지=Cave of Machpelah in Hebron
|Burial place=Cave of Machpelah in Hebron
|활동 지역=Haran, Canaan
|Activity area=Haran, Canaan
|주요 행적=Migration to [[Canaan]], <br>
|Major achievements=Migration to [[Canaan]], <br>
Offering tithes to Melchizedek <br>
Offering tithes to Melchizedek <br>
Demonstration of faith through the test of offering his only son, Isaac
Demonstration of faith through the test of offering his only son, Isaac
Line 44: Line 44:
===Journey to Canaan, Following God’s Command===
===Journey to Canaan, Following God’s Command===
[[file:Abraham's Journey (en).svg |thumb| 320px|Journey to Canaan, Following God’s Command]]
[[file:Abraham's Journey (en).svg |thumb| 320px|Journey to Canaan, Following God’s Command]]
How Abraham traveled from [https://www.britannica.com/place/Ur Ur] of the Chaldeans Abraham was born in Ur of the Chaldeans, in Mesopotamia.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-region-Asia history of Mesopotamia], ''Britannica''</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Chaldea Chaldea], ''Britannica''</ref> One day, [[God]] commanded him, “Leave your country and your people and go to the land I will show you,” referring to Canaan. In obedience, Abraham left his homeland, taking his wife Sarah, his nephew Lot, and his father Terah with him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+7%3A2-4&version=NIV |title=Acts 7:2–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> At the age of 75, after Terah’s death in Haran, Abraham continued his journey with Sarah and Lot.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:1–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Upon arriving in Canaan, Abraham built an altar to God in Shechem,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A6-7&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:6–7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> where God promised that his descendants would inherit the land.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A7&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:7|publisher= |quote= }}</ref> However, due to famine, Abraham temporarily moved to Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A10&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
Abraham was born in [https://www.britannica.com/place/Ur Ur] of the Chaldeans, in Mesopotamia.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-region-Asia history of Mesopotamia], ''Britannica''</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Chaldea Chaldea], ''Britannica''</ref> One day, [[God]] commanded him, “Leave your country and your people and go to the land I will show you,” referring to Canaan. In obedience, Abraham left his homeland, taking his wife Sarah, his nephew Lot, and his father Terah with him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+7%3A2-4&version=NIV |title=Acts 7:2–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> At the age of 75, after Terah’s death in Haran, Abraham continued his journey with Sarah and Lot.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:1–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Upon arriving in Canaan, Abraham built an altar to God in Shechem,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A6-7&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:6–7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> where God promised that his descendants would inherit the land.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A7&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:7|publisher= |quote= }}</ref> However, due to famine, Abraham temporarily moved to Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A10&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>


===Abraham Yielded Good Land to His Nephew Lot===
===Abraham Yielded Good Land to His Nephew Lot===

Latest revision as of 14:27, 1 April 2025

Abraham
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (1591–1666), Excerpt from The Book of Abraham Driving Hagar and Ishmael
PeriodEra of Patriarchs (BC 21st- BC 20th Century)
FamilyFather: Terah

Wife: Sarah, Keturah, Maidservant: Hagar Children: Ishmael, Isaac, Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shua

Nephew: Lot
BirthplaceUr of the Chaldeans
Burial placeCave of Machpelah in Hebron
Activity areaHaran, Canaan
Major achievementsMigration to Canaan,

Offering tithes to Melchizedek

Demonstration of faith through the test of offering his only son, Isaac

Abraham (Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם)[1] is a central figure in the Old Testament, introduced in the book of Genesis as the patriarch of the Israelite nation. He was a tenth-generation descendant of Shem, Noah’s eldest son, and is the first biblical figure referred to as a “Hebrew.”[2] Originally named Abram (Hebrew: אַבְרָם),[3] God later changed his name to Abraham, meaning “Father of Nations.”[4] In obedience to God’s call, Abraham left his homeland, Ur of the Chaldeans, and migrated to Canaan, the land of promise. His unwavering faith in God, demonstrated through his willingness to sacrifice his only son, Isaac, led to his receiving great blessings. Genesis 11–50 details the history of Abraham, his son Isaac, his grandson Jacob, and his great-grandson Joseph.

Historical Background

After the Great Flood, nations emerged from Noah’s three sons, forming various civilizations.[5] At that time, regions such as Mesopotamia, Canaan, and Egypt were dominated by the worship of many gods. Even Abraham’s father, Terah, participated in idolatry.[6] Amid this widespread idol worship, God Jehovah chose and called Abraham, setting him apart for His divine purpose.

Abraham’s Family Lineage

  • Ancestors
    • Terah: Father
  • Spouse
    • Sarah: First Wife
    • Hagar: Concubine
    • Keturah: Second Wife After Sarah’s Death
  • Children
    • Ishmael: Firstborn, son of Hagar, his concubine
    • Isaac: Second son, son of Sarah, rightful heir
    • Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, Shuah: Children of Keturah
  • Offspring
    • Esau: Grandson, Isaac’s first son
    • Jacob: Grandson, second son of Isaac, heir
    • Joseph and the Twelve Tribes of Israel: Great-grandsons, the twelve tribes of Israel, ancestors of the Israelite nation
  • Relatives
    • Lot: Nephew
  • Servants
    • Eliezer of Damascus[7]

Life of Abraham

Journey to Canaan, Following God’s Command

Journey to Canaan, Following God’s Command

Abraham was born in Ur of the Chaldeans, in Mesopotamia.[8][9] One day, God commanded him, “Leave your country and your people and go to the land I will show you,” referring to Canaan. In obedience, Abraham left his homeland, taking his wife Sarah, his nephew Lot, and his father Terah with him.[10] At the age of 75, after Terah’s death in Haran, Abraham continued his journey with Sarah and Lot.[11] Upon arriving in Canaan, Abraham built an altar to God in Shechem,[12] where God promised that his descendants would inherit the land.[13] However, due to famine, Abraham temporarily moved to Egypt.[14]

Abraham Yielded Good Land to His Nephew Lot

Abraham yielding good land to Lot

After fleeing to Egypt due to famine, Abraham returned to Bethel in Canaan. By this time, he had become very wealthy, acquiring livestock, servants, and great wealth from Pharaoh.[15][16] Lot, too, had amassed many sheep, cattle, and tents.[17] However, the land of Bethel was already inhabited by the Canaanites and Perizzites, making it too small for both Abraham and Lot to live together. As a result, disputes arose between Abraham’s shepherds and Lot’s shepherds over land and resources. To resolve the conflict peacefully, Abraham proposed that they separate. Displaying generosity, he allowed Lot to choose his land first. Lot chose the fertile plains of the Jordan Valley, near Sodom, while Abraham settled in Hebron, among the great trees of Mamre.[18]

Blessing From Melchizedek

For details, refer to: Melchizedek, Order of Priest, Passover, and Tithe
Abraham and Melchizedek by Thomas Christian Wink (1738–1797)

For twelve years, the kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, and three other city-states around the Dead Sea had been subjects of King Chedorlaomer of Elam. When they rebelled, Chedorlaomer allied with the kings of Shinar, Ellasar, and Goiim to wage war against them. The armies of the five defeated nations fled in retreat, while King Chedorlaomer and his victorious forces captured the people of Sodom and Gomorrah, seizing all their possessions and food supplies. Among the captives was Abraham’s nephew, Lot. Upon hearing of Lot’s capture, Abraham gathered 318 trained men from his household and pursued the enemy. He successfully rescued Lot and recovered all the stolen possessions and captives.[19]

When Abraham returned from the battle, he was met by both the king of Sodom and Melchizedek, the king of Salem. Melchizedek, who was also a priest of God, blessed Abraham through bread and wine—an unusual act, as sacrifices and blessings at that time were typically made using animal offerings. This foreshadowed that Jesus, who, coming in the order of Melchizedek, would later bless His disciples with the forgiveness of sins through the Passover bread and wine.[20][21] In response, Abraham gave Melchizedek a tenth of what he had gained,[22] establishing the foundation of tithing.

Choosing an Heir

For details, refer to: History of Abraham’s Family
  • God’s Promise

Abraham needed to designate an heir to inherit his household, but he remained childless even in old age. He considered making his servant Eliezer of Damascus his successor. However, God declared, “Your heir will be one who comes from your own body.” God then told Abraham to look up at the sky and count the stars, saying, “So shall your offspring be.” Trusting in God’s promise, Abraham offered a thanksgiving sacrifice.[23]

Even after leaving Haran and living in Canaan for ten years, Abraham and Sarah still had no children. So Sarah gave her maidservant Hagar to Abraham to bear a son, Ishmael. Abraham was 86 years old when Ishmael was born.[24]

  • Meeting God in the Flesh

One day, near the great trees of Mamre, God appeared to Abraham in human form, accompanied by two angels. As Abraham sat at the entrance of his tent, he saw the three men approaching and immediately bowed in reverence. Hastily, he ran to Sarah and asked her to prepare bread. He then offered them butter, milk, and a carefully prepared calf.[25] After they ate, God blessed Abraham, saying, “I will surely return to you about this time next year, and Sarah, your wife, will have a son.” Hearing this, Sarah laughed to herself in disbelief. However, God reassured them, saying, “Is anything too hard for the LORD? I will return to you at the appointed time next year, and Sarah will have a son.”[26]

After this, Abraham escorted God and the angels as they set out toward Sodom. God revealed to Abraham that the wickedness of Sodom and Gomorrah had become so great that He planned to destroy the cities. Concerned for his nephew Lot, Abraham asked, “Will you destroy the city if there are fifty righteous people in it?” God replied, “For the sake of fifty righteous people, I will spare the city.” Abraham continued reducing the number, pleading for God’s mercy. Each time, God assured him that He would spare the city if even a few righteous people were found.[27] Seeing Abraham’s deep concern to save his family, God saved Lot and his family before destroying the city.[28] Lot’s wife ignored the warning not to look back and was turned into a pillar of salt. Lot and his two daughters escaped to Zoar.[29]

  • Birth of Isaac, the Child of Promise
Abraham, Sarah, and their son Isaac

When Abraham was 99 years old, 13 years after Ishmael’s birth, God appeared to him and made a profound promise. At that time, God changed the names of Abram and Sarai to Abraham and Sarah, declaring that they would have a son.[4][30] He also promised that many kings would come from Abraham’s lineage and that Canaan would be given to his descendants. As a sign of His covenant, God commanded circumcision, warning that any male who refused to undergo circumcision would break His covenant and be excluded from His people.[31] That very day, all males in Abraham’s household were circumcised.

Despite this promise, Abraham doubted that Sarah, at 90 years old, could bear a child. He suggested that Ishmael, the son of Hagar, should be his heir instead. However, God firmly declared that Sarah would give birth to a son within a year, instructing Abraham to name him Isaac. At the appointed time, when Abraham was 100 years old, Sarah gave birth to a son. She rejoiced, saying that God had brought her laughter. Abraham named the child Isaac (יִצְחָק, Yitzhak),[32][33] which means “laughter” in Hebrew.

  • Isaac, Abraham’s Heir

On the day Isaac was weaned, Abraham held a great feast. During the celebration, Sarah saw Ishmael mocking Isaac and told Abraham, “Ishmael cannot share the inheritance with Isaac. Send Hagar and Ishmael away.” Though troubled by this request, God instructed Abraham, “Listen to what Sarah says.” He assured Abraham that Ishmael would also become a great nation, for he was Abraham’s son.[34] Trusting in God’s promise, Abraham sent Hagar and Ishmael away, confirming Isaac as his sole heir.

The Offering of Isaac

The Sacrifice of Isaac by David Teniers II (1610–1690)

To test Abraham’s faith, God commanded him to offer Isaac as a burnt offering on Mount Moriah. Without hesitation, Abraham obeyed. The next morning, he saddled his donkey and set out on the journey with Isaac and two servants. After traveling for three days, they reached the vicinity of Mount Moriah. Abraham left the servants with the donkey and went up the mountain with Isaac. Abraham arranged the wood on the altar and laid Isaac on it.

Abraham was about to slay him with a knife when an angel of the LORD called out, “Abraham! Do not lay a hand on the boy. Do not harm him in any way.” Looking up, Abraham saw a ram caught by its horns in a thicket. He offered the ram in Isaac’s place as a burnt offering. The writer of Hebrews explains that Abraham had faith that God could raise the dead.[35]

The angel also conveyed God’s words, “Because you have not withheld your son, your only son, I will bless you greatly. Your descendants will be as numerous as the stars in the sky and the sand on the seashore. Through your offspring, all nations on earth will be blessed.”[36]

Later, the site where Abraham was willing to sacrifice Isaac—Mount Moriah—became the location of the Temple of Jerusalem.[37]

Covenant With Abimelech

While Abraham was in Egypt to escape a famine, he deceived Pharaoh by claiming that Sarah was his sister. As a result, Pharaoh took Sarah into his household. However, after experiencing plagues sent by God, Pharaoh realized the truth and returned Sarah to Abraham.[38] After the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Abraham moved south and settled in Gerar. Fearing for his life, he once again claimed that Sarah was his sister.[39] Consequently, King Abimelech of Gerar took Sarah into his household, intending to marry her. However, God appeared to Abimelech in a dream, warning him: “Return Sarah to her husband, for she is a married woman. If Abraham prays for you, your life and the lives of your household will be spared.” Terrified, Abimelech returned Sarah to Abraham, offering him gifts and granting him permission to live in his land. In response, Abraham prayed to God for Abimelech.

Later, realizing that God was with Abraham, Abimelech sought to make a peace treaty with him. Accompanied by his army commander, he proposed a covenant, which Abraham accepted. As a sign of their agreement, Abraham gave sheep and cattle to Abimelech. The place where they made their covenant became known as Beersheba, meaning “Well of the Oath.”[40]

Burial in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron

When Sarah passed away at the age of 127 in Hebron, Abraham mourned deeply for her. Seeking a proper burial site, he approached the Hittites (the people of Heth) to purchase land. Though the Hittites offered him any tomb he desired for free, Abraham insisted on purchasing the land. He negotiated with Ephron, the son of Zohar, and bought the Cave of Machpelah, located at the edge of Ephron’s field, for 400 shekels of silver. After finalizing the purchase, Abraham buried Sarah in the Cave of Machpelah.[41]

After Sarah’s passing, Abraham took another wife named Keturah, who bore him six sons: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. Before his death, Abraham gave all his possessions to Isaac,[42] while providing gifts and property to the sons of his concubines.[43] At the age of 175, Abraham passed away. His sons, Isaac and Ishmael, came together to bury him in the Cave of Machpelah, where Sarah had been laid to rest. The Cave of Machpelah in Hebron became the family burial site. Alongside Abraham and Sarah, it also became the final resting place for Isaac and his wife Rebekah, and Jacob and his wife Leah.[44][45]

Abraham in the Teachings of Jesus

Symbolizing God the Father

The rich man in hell looking up at heaven. The rich man called God in heaven “Father Abraham.”

The parable of the rich man and Lazarus appears in the book of Luke, where Abraham was also mentioned.

“There was a rich man who was dressed in purple and fine linen and lived in luxury every day. At his gate was laid a beggar named Lazarus, covered with sores and longing to eat what fell from the rich man’s table. The time came when the beggar died and the angels carried him to Abraham’s side. The rich man also died and was buried. In Hades, where he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far away, with Lazarus by his side. So he called to him, ‘Father Abraham,’ “

Luke 16:19–24


In this parable, the rich man ended up in hell, while Lazarus was carried to heaven. Interestingly, Lazarus’ entrance into heaven is described as “being carried to Abraham’s side.” Even more striking, the rich man in hell called out to Abraham in heaven, saying, “Father Abraham.” In the spiritual world, only God can rightfully be called “Father.” This suggests that Abraham symbolizes God the Father. Therefore, Abraham’s descendants—the heirs of his inheritance—represent God’s heirs, who will inherit the kingdom of God, that is, the kingdom of heaven.

The Characteristics of Abraham’s Descendants

Two thousand years ago, the Jews called themselves Abraham’s descendants.[46] However, Jesus told them, “If you were Abraham’s children, then you would do what Abraham did.”[47]

Jesus also said to Zacchaeus, “Today salvation has come to this house, because this man, too, is a son of Abraham.”[48] Zacchaeus was recognized as a true descendant of Abraham because he imitated Abraham’s faith, just as Abraham received and served God, who appeared in the flesh, near the great trees of Mamre.[25] If we are truly Abraham’s descendants, we must likewise receive and serve the Savior who has come in the flesh, following Abraham’s faith and example.


If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.

Galatians 3:29

Lesson

Absolute Faith and Obedience

Abraham demonstrated absolute faith in God. When God commanded him to leave his homeland, he obeyed without hesitation, trusting completely in God’s guidance. Because of his faith and obedience, Abraham received the blessing of entering the promised land, Canaan—a land flowing with milk and honey.


By faith Abraham, when called to go to a place he would later receive as his inheritance, obeyed and went, even though he did not know where he was going. By faith he made his home in the promised land like a stranger in a foreign country; he lived in tents, as did Isaac and Jacob, who were heirs with him of the same promise.

Hebrews 11:8–9


The same unwavering faith was evident when God commanded Abraham to sacrifice his only son, Isaac, as a burnt offering. Born when Abraham was 100 years old, Isaac was more precious to him than life itself. Offering him as a sacrifice must have been an unimaginable trial. However, Abraham believed that the God who had promised to make a great nation through Isaac was also able to bring him back to life.[35] Because of this unwavering faith, he did not hesitate to obey. As a result, Isaac’s life was spared, and Abraham became the father of faith for all believers, according to God’s promise. The faith of Abraham, who was blessed through complete obedience to God’s word, serves as a model for Christians today.[49]


Abraham was the father of all men before God.

Romans 4:16

Love for Family

When Abraham’s brother Haran passed away, Abraham took care of his nephew Lot, sharing both joys and sorrows with him. His love and care for Lot are evident throughout the Bible. When Lot decided to separate from Abraham’s household, Abraham did not seek personal gain or claim the best land for himself. Instead, he valued peace over material wealth, allowing Lot to choose first and taking what Lot did not choose.[50] Because of Abraham’s selflessness, God blessed him even more.

Later, when God planned to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah, Abraham’s first concern was for Lot’s safety. Though Abraham was a man of absolute obedience, he persistently asked God, “Will You spare the city if righteous people are found in it?” Abraham’s repeated pleas were driven by his deep love for Lot.[27] Seeing Abraham’s concern, God saved Lot and his two daughters from the destruction.

See also

Related videos

  • Student TV Official Channel Video: The forefather of faith, Abraham.

  • Seromn: The Relationship Between Faith and Obedience

  • Sermon: Everything Depends on God’s Blessing

References

  1. ↑ Strong's Hebrew: 85. אַבְרָהָם, Bible Hub
  2. ↑ "Genesis 14:13".
  3. ↑ Strong's Hebrew: 87. אַבְרָם, Bible Hub
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Genesis 17:5".
  5. ↑ "Genesis 10:32".
  6. ↑ "Joshua 24:2".
  7. ↑ Damascus, Britannica
  8. ↑ history of Mesopotamia, Britannica
  9. ↑ Chaldea, Britannica
  10. ↑ "Acts 7:2–4".
  11. ↑ "Genesis 12:1–4".
  12. ↑ "Genesis 12:6–7".
  13. ↑ "Genesis 12:7".
  14. ↑ "Genesis 12:10".
  15. ↑ "Genesis 12:16".
  16. ↑ "Genesis 13:2".
  17. ↑ "Genesis 13:5".
  18. ↑ "Genesis 13:10–18".
  19. ↑ "Genesis 14:1–16".
  20. ↑ "Matthew 26:17–28".
  21. ↑ "Hebrews 5:8–10".
  22. ↑ "Genesis 14:18–20".
  23. ↑ "Genesis 15:2–5".
  24. ↑ "Genesis 16:1–16".
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Genesis 18:1–8".
  26. ↑ "Genesis 18:9–14".
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Genesis 18:20–33".
  28. ↑ "Genesis 19:29".
  29. ↑ Genesis 19:22-23
  30. ↑ "Genesis 17:15–16".
  31. ↑ "Genesis 17:10–14".
  32. ↑ Strong's Hebrew: 3327. יִצְחָק, Bible Hub
  33. ↑ "Genesis 21:2–5".
  34. ↑ "Genesis 21:12–13".
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Hebrews 11:17–19".
  36. ↑ "Genesis 22:16–18".
  37. ↑ "2 Chronicles 3:1".
  38. ↑ "Genesis 12:14–19".
  39. ↑ "Genesis 20:11".
  40. ↑ "Genesis 21:27–31".
  41. ↑ "Genesis 23:16–19".
  42. ↑ "Genesis 25:5".
  43. ↑ "Genesis 25:6".
  44. ↑ "Genesis 49:29–31".
  45. ↑ "Genesis 50:12–13".
  46. ↑ "John 8:32–33".
  47. ↑ "John 8:39".
  48. ↑ "Luke 19:8–9".
  49. ↑ "Galatians 3:6–9".
  50. ↑ "Genesis 13:7–9".
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